When certain materials are cooled to extremely low temperatures, their electrical resistance vanishes abruptly while exhibiting complete diamagnetism—a phenomenon known as superconductivity. This article outlines the fundamental concepts of this phenomenon and its practical applications in fields such as magnetic levitation and nuclear magnetic resonance.

The air we breathe is a mixture, whereas the oxygen, nitrogen and other gases required for industrial purposes are obtained through 'air separation' technology. This article explains in accessible terms how cryogenic distillation—the predominant method—breaks down air.

Liquid nitrogen, capable of reaching temperatures as low as minus 196 degrees Celsius, is a common and versatile cryogenic liquid. This article outlines its fundamental principles—including rapid freezing, creating sterile environments, and material processing—alongside everyday applications.

Against the backdrop of global supply chain uncertainties, China's semiconductor industry has placed unprecedented emphasis on supply chain security. The domestic production of electronic specialty gases—the lifeblood of chip manufacturing—is accelerating, with certain domestic enterprises achieving breakthroughs in specific products and progressing to production line validation.